J Electromyogr Kinesiol 20:1023–1035Ĭastillo-Escario Y, Rodríguez-Cañón M, García-Alías G, Jané RJIA (2020) Identifying muscle synergies from reaching and grasping movements in rats. Nat Rev Neurosci 10:186–198īurden A (2010) How should we normalize electromyograms obtained from healthy participants? What we have learned from over 25years of research. Sci Rep 5:17830īullmore E, Sporns O (2009) Complex brain networks: graph theoretical analysis of structural and functional systems. Front Comput Neurosci 7:51īoonstra TW, Danna-Dos-Santos A, Xie H-B, Roerdink M, Stins JF, Breakspear M (2015) Muscle networks: connectivity analysis of EMG activity during postural control. The co-ordination and regulation of movementsīizzi E, Cheung VCK (2013) The neural origin of muscle synergies. J Neuroeng Rehabil 13:1–15īernstein NA (1966) The co-ordination and regulation of movements. Graphical abstractĪntuvan CW, Bisio F, Marini F, Yen S-C, Cambria E, Masia L (2016) Role of muscle synergies in real-time classification of upper limb motions using extreme learning machines. We also demonstrated the potential of this study for the understanding of human motor control mechanism and implications for neurorehabilitation. The muscle synergy network topology differed significantly between different tasks. The results showed that the combination of different sets of primitive muscle synergies can achieve complex motions in different planes. Moreover, we used network theory to assess the coordination between multiple muscles and to elucidate the neural implementation of muscle synergies. Similarities of muscle synergies and activation coefficients between different tasks and different subjects were compared. Muscle synergies and corresponding activation coefficients were extracted via non-negative matrix factorization from the electromyography signals of three basic and four complex upper limb motions in sagittal plane and coronal plane. In this paper, we aim to explore the primitive synergies to reflect different modes of coordination in upper limb motions. Muscle synergies are the modules used by the central nervous system to simplify the control of complex motor tasks. The motor system relies on the recruitment of motor modules to perform various movements.
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